![]() ![]() Peel or wash raw fruit and vegetables thoroughly to remove contaminating soil. If seronegative, they should be counselled to reduce risk by handwashing after changing babies' nappies and avoiding contact with babies' saliva, and retested at monthly intervals during the first half of pregnancy.Ī pre-pregnancy visit is also an opportunity to give dietary and other advice to reduce the risk of listeriosis 4 and toxoplasmosis:Īvoid raw or undercooked fresh meat and refrigerated ready-to-eat food that is not freshly prepared (eg, cold meats, salads, soft cheeses and pâté). They should be tested for CMV IgG before conception. ![]() Women in close contact with toddlers (eg, childcare workers) may be at increased risk of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection during pregnancy. Varicella vaccine is given in two doses two months apart, and pregnancy should be postponed for at least two months after the second dose. As further doses are unlikely to be effective, these women should be advised that they are not immune the risk of contact with rubella is small, but contact should be avoided if possible. Rarely, seroconversion does not occur, even after two doses. ![]() Women who receive MMR should be retested for rubella IgG seroconversion after two months and revaccinated if necessary. Women negative for rubella or varicella IgG should be offered measles–mumps–rubella (MMR) or varicella vaccine, respectively. Pre-pregnancy testing should include routine antenatal screening tests ( Box 2), along with assessment of varicella immunity. Ideally, a woman and her partner should consult their general practitioner when planning pregnancy. Statistics,epidemiology and research design.Statistics, epidemiology and research design. ![]()
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